Bowa wopyapyala, woyera adatulukira pabwalo lakumaso kwa Sarah Hunter kumadzulo kwa Massachusetts Meyi watha, mvula itatha. Tsiku lina masana, mkazi wa Hunter anathamangira m’nyumba akuwoneka kuti ali ndi mantha. Anapeza mwana wawo wazaka 5 atakhala pabwalo ali ndi bowa m’kamwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anatola mkamwa mwake. Osatsimikiza ngati amwa – komanso zomwe zingatanthauze ngati atatero – Hunter adayimba chiwongolero chapoizoni ndipo adapatsidwa imelo adilesi komwe amatha kutumiza zithunzi zachitsanzocho. Anauzidwa kuti yankho likhoza kutenga maola ambiri.
“Ndizowopsa kwambiri,” Hunter pambuyo pake adauza Vox. “Ndili ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera. Chilichonse chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri ndi iye. ” Amaganiza, “Kodi tikuyenera kupita ku ER?”
Pamene mphindi zikudutsa, Hunter adaganiza zofufuza a gulu la Facebook la anthu onse zolimbikitsidwa ndi bwenzi. Gulu lomwe likukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi, lotchedwa Poisons Help; Kuzindikiritsa Mwadzidzidzi kwa Bowa & Zomera, kumathandiza anthu kuzindikira mafangasi ndi zomera ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa poizoni pamene wina (kapena, nthawi zambiri, chiweto) chameza kapena kukumana ndi mtundu wa poizoni wokayikitsa kapena wosadziwika.
Poizoni Thandizo silipereka upangiri wachipatala, chodzikanira. Koma ma admins ndi mamembala amgululi akuti kuyesayesa kochulukirachulukira kumabweretsa zizindikiritso zabwino nthawi zambiri kuposa ayi. Ndipo chidziwitsochi chingathandize kutsogolera mamembala a gulu polankhula – kapena kuyembekezera kumva kuchokera kwa – akatswiri azachipatala kuti adziwe ngati chithandizo kapena chithandizo chadzidzidzi chikufunika.
Malinga ndi National Poison Data System, pafupifupi milandu 7,500 yodziwika bwino ya bowa imanenedwa pafoni pachaka chapakati ku US. Koma ngakhale pali nkhokwe zapa intaneti za zinthu zoopsa ndi mapulogalamu ozindikiritsa mafoni, kuzindikira zomera ndi bowa pafoni ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha malo enieni a mitundu ina, osatchula zovuta zoyesera kuzifotokoza ndi mawu. . Padziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 148,000 yodziwika bwino ya mafangasi ndi mitundu yopitilira 20,000 ya zomera zomwe sizingadyedwe, ndipo mwina zina zambiri zomwe sizinadziwikebe.
Pakachitika ngozi, malo oletsa poyizoni komanso adotolo ndi omwe amalumikizana nawo koyamba. Kuyimba ku 1-800-222-1222 – nambala yadziko lonse ya Poison Control, yomwe imagwira mafoni 2 miliyoni pachaka – imasamutsidwa ndi khodi yam’deralo kupita kumodzi mwa zigawo zopitilira 50 ku US. Poyizoni control network.
“Anthu ambiri omwe amalumikizana nafe amadziwa zomwe adakumana nazo,” atero a Kelly Johnson-Arbor, mkulu wa zachipatala ku National Capital Poison Center ku Washington, DC. Koma zonse, “zitha kukhala zovuta kuzindikira mbewu.”
Gulu la Poisons Help limathandizira kuthetsa kusiyana kumeneku, ndikupanga njira yopulumutsira zinthu zomwe zingasinthe kwambiri ndikupereka upangiri wopulumutsa moyo panthawi yomwe anthu ambiri akukumana ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi mafangasi kuposa momwe amachitira kale. Facebook ndi (zambiri) mavuto Kupatulapo, Poisons Help ndi chitsanzo cha dera lomwe likuthandizira kupanga chidziwitso chatsopano chomwe chili chosavuta kuposa kubweretsa chomera kapena chitsanzo cha bowa kwa katswiri kuti adziwe.
Gululi silikhala lopanda ululu wake wokulirapo komanso kusamvana kwamkati, koma akatswiri ena amati ndi njira ina yamtsogolo ya kuwongolera poizoni wa mbewu.
Momwe gululo linayambira
Thandizo la Poizoni linakhazikitsidwa mu 2018 pomwe akatswiri ochepa a bowa omwe amadziwana kuchokera kumagulu ena a Facebook omwe amayang’ana pa mycology adakumana kuti athane ndi milandu yomwe ikufunika kupha poizoni. Umembala wapadziko lonse wakula ndi mamembala pafupifupi 40,000 kuyambira chilimwe chatha, kuchokera pa 60,000 kufika pa 100,000, ndipo gululi limangotenga mazana ambiri mwezi uliwonse. Mamembalawa akuphatikiza anthu omwe siachipatala komanso ma veterinarian, namwino, ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo.
“Ndidadabwa momwe ndidapezera mayankho mwachangu pazomwe ndalemba, komanso [that I got] zizindikiritso zolimba mtima, “atero katswiri wazowona zanyama Kelsey Carpenter, yemwe nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa gululo kwa anthu ku chipatala cha California komwe amagwira ntchito. Posachedwapa adayika tsambalo kwa nthawi yoyamba pomwe galu wabanja adadya bowa, zomwe zidakhala zopanda vuto. (makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi pa zana aliwonse a bowa alibe kawopsedwe pang’ono, malinga ku North American Mycological Association, koma 1 peresenti yomwe ili poizoni kwambiri ingayambitse mavuto owopsa kwa ziweto.)
“Chisamaliro cha Chowona Zanyama ndichovuta kupeza kuposa kale,” Carpenter adatero, akulozera kusowa kwamakono kwa veterinarian ndi technician. “Chinthu ngati gulu lachidziwitsochi chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri.”
Mwachilolezo cha Sarah Hunter
Ogwiritsa ntchito amafunsidwa kuti apereke zambiri za malo, zizindikiro za ziweto (kapena munthu), komanso nthawi yomwe adadya, komanso zithunzi za zomera kapena bowa zomwe zikufunsidwa. Pankhani ya Hunter, adajambula chithunzi cha bowa woyera omwe mwana wawo adatulukira ndi foni yawo ndikuyika ndi uthenga wawo. “Maganizo aliwonse?” anafunsa.
Nthawi yomweyo ma admin anayamba kuyankha.
Mmodzi wa iwo anati: “Kwa ine, bowa umenewu umaoneka ngati wonyezimira,” ponena za mtundu wina wa bowa wopanda poizoni womwe wafala padziko lonse lapansi ndipo umadziwika kuti ndi wonyezimira woyera.
“Amawoneka ngati coprinoid kwa inenso,” adawonjezeranso admin wina.
“Ndikuvomereza, coprinoid,” adalowanso wachitatu.
Gululi lili ndi olamulira opitilira 200 omwe atsimikizira mbiri yazakudya ndi bowa, malinga ndi m’modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa gululi, Kerry Woodfield, yemwe amakhala ku Cornwall ku UK. Ena adalembedwa ntchito chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pazodziwikiratu kwina kulikonse pamasamba ochezera, ndipo ma admins okha ndi omwe akuyenera kuyankhapo milandu mpaka atatsekedwa. “Simuloledwa kutenga nawo mbali ngati simukudziwa zomwe mukunena,” adatero Hunter. “Zili ngati zotsutsana ndi intaneti.”
Ma admins onse ndi odzipereka omwe ali ndi ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku omwe amapereka nthawi yopuma ku gulu. “Ntchito yayikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti timapeza zizindikiritso zabwino kwambiri komanso zolondola kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mantha momwe tingathere,” adatero Woodfield.
Ma admins ambiri ali “kuyimba” kuti alandire zidziwitso za zolemba zonse zatsopano, ndikuyambitsa zozindikiritsa mumasekondi. “Ngakhale nditakhala panja mumsewu wodutsa anthu ambiri, ndimayima ndikupita pambali” kuti ndilowe, atero woyang’anira gulu la Octrine Micu, yemwe amakhala ku Philippines.
Pazovuta kwambiri, zokambirana zitha kupita ku gulu la admin-okha. “Ubwino wa gulu la poizoni ndikuti tili ndi nkhokwe yayikulu ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi,” atero a Spike Mikulski, woyang’anira ku Rhode Island yemwe ndi katswiri wa banja la Amanita la bowa, ambiri omwe amatha kukhala a hallucinogenic kapena poizoni m’malo ena. Mlingo komanso kutengera kukula kwa munthu kapena nyama. “Ngati ndili kuntchito kapena ndikugona, padzakhala wina.”
Kuzindikira bwino chitsanzo kungakhale kovuta ngakhale ndi zithunzi, kotero ma admins akhoza kubwereranso ku chithunzi choyambirira kuti apemphe kuti chidulidwe pakati kapena kupempha chithunzi cha gawo lina lachitsanzo. Ndi ID iyi mogwirizana, kaya ndi bowa wosowa kapena chomera chodziwika bwino cha m’mphepete mwa msewu, chomwe mamembala ambiri amati chimapereka mpata wolimbikitsa womwe ndi wapadera kwa gulu.
Milandu imatengedwa ngati “yotsekedwa” kamodzi ID yabwino yapangidwa, pomwe omwe si ma admin amaloledwa kuyankhapo. Kutsatira milandu yomwe imatha bwino, m’modzi mwa ma admins nthawi zonse amapereka mankhwala omaliza: mbale ya ayisikilimu.
“Kunali kupsinjika kwambiri”
Kuseri kwa zochitikazo, gululi likulimbana ndi chikhalidwe chake chokhazikika komanso zovuta zakukhala pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
Makhalidwe amphamvu pakati pa ena mwa ma admins amgululi amadziwika kuti amasemphana pazokambirana zawo zam’mbali, zomwe zingayambitse kupeweratu anthu ena. Woodfield nthawi zina amayenera kulowererapo kuti athetse vutoli.
Chinthu china chowawa, ma admins akuti, ndi pamene mamembala atsopano amanyalanyaza malangizo otumizira kapena kuyesa kutsata zofunikira zadzidzidzi ndi nkhani “zosintha” kuphatikizapo kumeza pamene kunalibe. Akhoza kuchita izi chifukwa akudziwa mbiri ya gulu la mayankho ofulumira, pomwe zitha kutenga nthawi yayitali m’magulu ena a ID. Kuphatikiza apo, ma admins akuda nkhawa ndi zofooka za nsanja yokhayo komanso kuopa kutsekedwa. Pali mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala pazama media poyambira, nawonso, monga kusazindikirika ndi mabungwe azachipatala ngati gwero lodalirika lazidziwitso. “Vuto ndi lovomerezeka komanso lovomerezeka,” atero admin Aishu Dowlut, dotolo wamano waku UK komanso wokonda chomera ndi bowa.
Ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za gululi zitha kuyenda bwino kwambiri ngati Facebook ilola kuti anthu omwe si a admin azimitsa ndemanga zawo pomwe mlandu ukadali wotsegukira, adatero Aleks Tudzarovski, yemwe adayambitsa gululi, yemwe amakhala ku Sweden. Pakhala pali nthawi zina pomwe zolemba zimayikidwa molakwika ndi algorithm ya Facebook ngati zosayenera, adatero Tudzarovski, yemwe akuwopa kuti pa nambala inayake gululo lizimitsidwa.
Atafunsidwa za kuchepetsa omwe angapereke ndemanga pazolemba, woyimira pa Facebook adalozera Vox ku zida zina zomwe kampaniyo idapereka kwa oyang’anira gulu, monga kutha kutsitsa ndemanga pazolemba ndikuchepetsa zomwe membala wina wachita. Woyimilirayo sananenepo ndemanga pamawu omwe mamembala a Poisons Help akuti adanenedwa molakwika ngati zosayenera.
Ambiri mwa ma admins omwe adalankhula ndi Vox adanenanso kukumana ndi zomwe ambiri aife tingagwirizane nazo masiku ano: kutopa. Ndi odzipereka osalipidwa, pambuyo pake, ndipo udindo wawo ukhoza kukhala milandu yambiri. Woodfield anati: “Tinali kutopa kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosalekeza kwa agalu.” Gululo lidayesa kukana ena, akutero, chifukwa “zimenezi sizowopsa kwa kukhala pafupi ndi bowa.” Kenako mamembala amangoperekanso, kunena kuti “galu wanga adadyadi izi.”
Koma ndizokonda zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma admin ambiri abwerere. “Ndimasangalala nazo mwachisawawa, osadziwa zomwe zikubwera, ndipo ndimalimbikitsidwa ndi chithunzithunzi chatsopano,” adatero woyang’anira ndi mlangizi wa poizoni wa bowa Debbie Viess, yemwe amakhala ku California. “Zili ngati kukhala wapolisi. Nthawi zina umangokhala ndi data pang’ono ndipo umaphatikiza zonse. ”
Tsogolo la chiphe cha zomera
Nthawi zingapo, gululo lapereka chidziwitso chodziwika chomwe pambuyo pake chimakanidwa ndi katswiri wa zaumoyo. Koma a Johnson-Arbor a National Capital Poison Center ati aganiziranso chilichonse chomwe gululi lingapereke kuwonjezera pa kafukufuku wake. Gulu la ziphe lili ndi chidziwitso cha demokalase ndipo limapereka chithandizo chofunikira kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Mary Metze amagwira ntchito yopulumutsa nyama ku Alabama ndipo wagwiritsa ntchito zambiri kuchokera kugululi kuti apulumutse miyoyo kangapo. Asanalowe nawo, adati, panali kusaka kovutirapo kwa Zithunzi za Google komanso maulendo atatu am’mawa kupita kwa vet. Popanda gululo, iye anati, “Ndikadakhala ndi mantha.”
Ma admins aganiza zochoka papulatifomu, kupita ku pulogalamu kapena kwina. Koma izi zikutanthauza kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kupezeka kwapadziko lonse kwa Facebook. Salinso ndi chidwi chofuna kupanga ndalama zomwe amachita, kuopa kuti zingasemphane ndi zomwe gululo limayimira.
Akatswiri a malo opangira poizoni akuganizanso za njira zosinthira. “Anthu ambiri achichepere sakonda kuyimba,” adatero Johnson-Arbor. Safuna kuyimirira, kapena angafune kungoyankha pa intaneti. Akuganiza kuti afunika kupanga njira zatsopano zotumizira anthu omvera pa intaneti, monga kukhala ndi zokambirana pa intaneti, ngati chida chapaintaneti cha zinthu zapoizoni zapanyumba. Johnson-Arbor nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa anthu kuti abweretse zomera kumalo osungirako anazale kuti adziwike, ngakhale amalumikizana ndi katswiri wa mycologist kuti amuthandize kuzindikira bowa. North American Mycological Association imasunganso a mndandanda wa mycologists omwe alipo kuti akambirane.
Kwa Hunter, pamapeto pake adalandira yankho ku imelo yawo kuti bowayo analidi wopanda poizoni – usiku womwewo. Panthawiyo anali atadziwa kale zambiri. Pasanathe theka la miniti yotumiza ku Poizoni Thandizani chithunzi cha bowa chomwe mwana wawo adalowamo, Hunter adati, ma admins asanu anali ndi ID. Banjali linalibe chodetsa nkhawa.
“Kugwirizana pa ma coprinoid opanda vuto,” adatero woyang’anira, ngati akumenya gavel. Pamodzi ndi ID, adawonjezera emoji yomwetulira ndi chithunzi cha Kirby, munthu wamasewera apakanema wazaka za m’ma 90 yemwe amadziwika kwambiri potsegula kwambiri ndikupumira chilichonse. Pachithunzichi, Kirby ali ndi chikwangwani cholembedwa kuti: Mlandu WAtsekedwa!
“Kupumula kwakukulu,” adatero Hunter.